Bangladesh’s Political Turmoil: Why Constitutional Power Transfer Remains Elusive

Bangladesh has struggled with constitutional power transfer since independence in 1971. Early regimes were undemocratic, with Sheikh Mujib overthrown in 1975, followed by military coups. Ziaur Rahman took power in 1977, founded the BNP, and was assassinated in 1981. H.M. Ershad ruled until 1990. The 1991 elections saw BNP win under Khaleda Zia, leading to the Twelfth Constitutional Amendment restoring parliamentary system. Disputes over election neutrality led to the Thirteenth Amendment establishing Caretaker Governments. However, political violence persisted, culminating in the 2006 crisis over the caretaker head.

Bangladesh has struggled with constitutional power transfer since independence in 1971. Early regimes were undemocratic, with Sheikh Mujib overthrown in 1975, followed by military coups. Ziaur Rahman took power in 1977, founded the BNP, and was assassinated in 1981. H.M. Ershad ruled until 1990. The 1991 elections saw BNP win under Khaleda Zia, leading to the Twelfth Constitutional Amendment restoring parliamentary system. Disputes over election neutrality led to the Thirteenth Amendment establishing Caretaker Governments. However, political violence persisted, culminating in the 2006 crisis over the caretaker head.

Bangladesh has struggled with constitutional power transfer since independence in 1971. Early regimes were undemocratic, with Sheikh Mujib overthrown in 1975, followed by military coups. Ziaur Rahman took power in 1977, founded the BNP, and was assassinated in 1981. H.M. Ershad ruled until 1990. The 1991 elections saw BNP win under Khaleda Zia, leading to the Twelfth Constitutional Amendment restoring parliamentary system. Disputes over election neutrality led to the Thirteenth Amendment establishing Caretaker Governments. However, political violence persisted, culminating in the 2006 crisis over the caretaker head.

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